The principles of infection Prevention and Control free essay sample

My roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection are firstly to myself then my colleagues then my employer, to my clients and then to any visitors. Iam responsible for taking action to prevent the spread of infection in accordance withlegislation and local and organisational policies and procedures I also have a personalmoral responsibility as a member of a caring society in profession there are many Wellsway infection control is important these include employees who work in communalliving environments employees who work with hazardous substances and employees his work activities may Expose them to infection. My legal responsibilities to working with individuals who may be vulnerable to infection aremy organisational responsibilities and my personal moral responsibility, My employers areresponsible for assessing the risks putting procedures in place insuring the procedures arefollowed ensuring that employees are appropriately trained in relation to infection controland making sure all employees are aware of the health and safety aspect of our work irresponsible for posting information on noticeboards, For keeping any information file suchas control of substances hazardous to health providing supervision keeping records andensuring that relevant standards policies and guidelines are available within the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on The principles of infection Prevention and Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My employer also hast to ensure that they adhere to the following regulations the healthand social care at 2001 the health and safety at work act and the control of substances hazardous to health regulations and the GS cc code of practice they also ensure that theissues with the correct PPE and then they allow for the correct disposable waste materials they make sure all of his employees are trained accordingly and the report all major Incidents to the HSE. Current legislation am regular Tory body standards which are relevant to the preventionand control of infection are the public-health control of diseases act 1980 4B says thatbasically it provides information on the legal requirement for the reporting of contagious or infectious diseases for example hepatitis HIV and legionella. The food safety act 1990 andis that applies to any area where food is prepared store. eaten control is required to ensurethat the race of any infection as a result of bad Hanningfield of fooduonnssnjsjeejeeoeoskwkskskkdkdksn minimised local and central government employeestaff to inspect premises without any advance notice the environmental health officers. There is the reporting injuries diseases and dangerous occurrents regulations Nolias R IDDO are 1995 and they said that the employer or manager in control of work premises as irresponsibility on the radar to report any work-related accidents or disease which result inserious injury or employing be a employee being off sick due to injury for more than threeworking days. There is the public-health infectious disease regulations 1998 whichdescribe the reporting systems and types of disease which must be reported datamanagement of health and safety at work regulations 1999 and this requires all staff to beprovided with adequate and appropriate training I set of working instructions demonstratingsafe working practices for work related activitys. There is the control assurance standards Hache SC 2002 2002 the standard provides a framework to control manage infection itprovides a timetable for senior managers and infection-control teams to work to thedocuments key action areas are to strengthen prevention and control of infection secureappropriate healthcare services the patients with infection to improve surveillance ofinfection and to monitor and optimise antimicrobial Prescribing. The medicines inhealthcare regular a Tory agency in this regular Tory body insures the medicines products available in the healthcare sector are safe to use the issue safety bulletins if they receivereports of faulty product or products which may be harmful to health it is the responsibility of the health care facility to report untoward incidence of products that are faulty to them. There is also the standards for better health 2006 the standards were published by theDepartment of health Im unachieved you important things first they were set out thefoundations for a common high quality of health care throughout the England second they will clarify what the NHS can do I should be reaching for it in its ambitions both the public and the people who work with in it. 2. 2 Attached 3. 1 Procedures and systems relevant to the prevention and control of infection are the healthand social care act 2001 the health and safety at work act,the control of substances hazardous to health regulations, the GSCC code of practice, the management of health atwork regulations, RIDDOR, control of disease act 1984, PPE regulations 1992, Hazardous waste regulations, N. I. C. E, work policy and procedure. The common occurrents and dire consequences of infectious disease outbreaks in nursinghomes often go on mechanised and on appreciated nevertheless these facilities providedan ideal environment that acquisition and spread of infection susceptible residents whoshare sources of N food water and healthcare in a crowded institutional setting moreover visitors staff and residents constantly comandantes bringing in pathogens from both thehospital and The community outbreaks of Westbury and gastrointestinal intestinal infectionpredominating the setting outraces skin himself to soft tissue infection and infections caused by anti-microbio resistance bacteria or so occur with some frequency. Nursinghomes provider acquisitor ingredients for outbreaks of infectious diseases as a rule only nursing home resident had multiple chronic diseases and functional impairment thatpredispose them to infection resident share sources of their food water and medical carewhich facilitates both the introduction and subsequent transmission asserting infectious agent Im on vulnerable residents Prolonged lengths of stay limited capacity is thediagnosis and ineffectual infection-control programs after our outbreaks to propagate andpersist for many months transfer of infected all colonise residents which is a commonobservance mates for outbreaks to all the facilities including hospitals and medical centres. The  frequency and outracing nursing homes is not known at a variety of data suggest thatthey are common outbreak reports to constitute one third of the infectious diseaseliterature animating from nursing homes the centres for disease control and preventionresponds with some regularity to request for assistance in ma naging outbreaks in thesetting publications from state health department also periodically a test to parents ofoutbreaks in nursing homes finally surveillance studys Of nursing homes haveoccasionally detected clusters of various infections.   Risk is a potential that are chosen action or activity including the choice of inaction lead toa loss and undesirable outcome the notion improviser to choice having an influence on theoutpull exist or existed potential losses themselves may also be called risks almost any human endeavour carry some risk was someone much more risky than others. Potential risks of infection within the workplace other first aid personnel and workers wemight be a risk of exposure to infectious disease or biological houses if we receive ascheme penetrating injury citizen needlestick injury if blood orebody substances come intocontact with broken skin open wounds add-on laugh or contaminated first aid equipment or materials are used infectious diseases which maybe transmitted by blood and somebody substances included hepatitis B hepatitis C and Human immunodeficiency virus HIV thevirus that causes AIDS. My workplace take a review of death birthday practices to removethe rest of infection exposure to biological houses regularly. Infection-control in theworkplace aims to prevent pathogens from coming into contact with the person in the firstplace employers are obliged under the Occupational Health Safety act 2004 to provide asafe workplace their employees including the provision of adequate infection controlprocedures and the right equipment and training. Infectious agents can be spreading thevariety of ways including airborne this is coughs or sneezers which release airbornepathogens which you then inhaled by others  contaminated objects or food the pathogens in a person cc baby spread to food or other objects in their hands dirty skin skiing contactthe transfer some pathogens can occur through touch by sharing personal items clothingor objects contact with body fluids pathogens in saliva, urine, Faeces or blood can bepassed to another persons body by courts or abrasions all through the mucus membranes of the mouth and eyes. The basis of good infection-control in the workplace is to assumethat everybody is potentially infectious proper procedure is have to be followed at all times every word they should have an appropriate first aid kit with at least one staff member trained in first aid equipment such as gloves down I goggles and faceshields should beprovided if necessary. Infection control procedure is relating to go personal hygieneinclude how moshing the spread of many pathogens can be prevented with regular handwashing you should thoroughly wash your hands with water and safe early 15seconds after visiting the toilet before preparing food and touching clients or equipment try your hands with disposable paper towels. Unbroken skin intact and healthy skin is a major barrier to pathogens any puts abrasions should be covered with a waterproof dressing. Loves webinars if you are handling body fluids are equipment containing bodily fluids if youare touching somebody else is broken skin mucous membrane or performing any other innovative procedure wash your hands between each client in use fresh most reach finewhen necessary personal items dont share cars clothing raisers toothbrushes shavers or other personal items. When preparing food you should wash your hands before and after handling to avoid touching your hair knows mouth teapot too hot and cold food called youseparate storage utensils and preparation services for Cox and uncooked foods wash allutensils and preparation services for a late of hot water and detergent after use. Infection- control procedures relating to cleanliness in the workplace include bakingly washing thefloors bathrooms and services such as tables and benchtop with hot water in detergentwash the walls and ceilings periodically mops brushes in class should be furrily washedand dried after every use Trimox in class is particularly important since many pathogens rely on my shooter five use disinfectants to clean up blood and overspills a bodily fluidwhen using disinfectants always wear gloves Cleaner surfaces before using thedisinfectant and always follow the manufacturers instructions exactly spot clean where necessary. To deal with spills of body fluids isolate their area Raygnoldes a plastic apronand I protection such as goggles soak up the fluid with disposable paper towels or cobaltous bellwether granular chlorine releasing agent for a minimum of 10 minutes to putthe granules and weights using a piece of cardboard or something similar and placing aplastic bag and dispose of appropriately. Makes one part bleach to temporise water andapplied to the area of the 10 minutes wash with hot water in detergent draggy areadispose of paper towelling loves appropriately wash your hands and mince any contaminated clothing in cold running water so Kimberly solution for half an hour thenwash separately from overclothing Warlingham with hot water in detergent. To dispose of infectious ways they have been contaminated with blood all over bodily fluid you shouldalways wear heavy-duty gloves place waste in a plastic bag SmartOne infectious waistand dispose of the waste in accordance with the EP a regulations infection controlprocedure is when handling needles and Aldershot contaminated objects include never attempt to read Or bend use needles handle by the barrel face inappropriate counterproofcontainer which is yellow and labelled Danger contaminated shops and marks for the black biohazard symbol if you come into contact with Lord orebody fluid you should push thearea with running water wash the area with plenty of warm or shall insert report theincident to the appropriate staff member record the incident via the disease injury near miss accident reporting procedure and seek medical advice If I need to get help I wouldget it from either my doctor my local councils health department the Occupational Health Safety officer at my workplace communicable disea se prevention and control unit at theDepartment of Health or WorkCover advisory service. 4. 3 The process of carrying out a risk assessment is to one identify the hazards to decide whomight be harmed in how three evaluate the risks and decide on the proportion 4 to recordall your findings and implement them at 5 to review your assessment and update if necessary. 4. 4 The law requires that my employer has to assess and manage health and safety in my workplace and in order to abide by the law part of the processes to carry out a risk assessment a risk assessment is an important step in protecting mark my fellow workers and the business as well as complying with the law help you focus on the desks that really matter in your workplace the ones with the potential to cause harm in many instances straightforward measures commensally control rest for example insuring splurges arecleaned up promptly so people do not slip. Risk assessment isnt careful examination of war in my workplace could cause harm to people so you can then whale whether or notyou are taking enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm workers and others have a right to be protected from harm caused by failure to take reasonable controlmeasures the law does not expect you to eliminate all less you are required to protectpeople as far as it as is reasonably practicable. 5. 2 Protective gloves are supplied to me in order to protect me against And being exposed togerms and bacteria to prevent germs and bacteria getting under my nails and to stopgerms and bacteria being transferred to my clothing. I use disposable protective aprons toprotect my clothing and stop germs and bacteria are being transferred to me if I use I wear goggles are using to protect my eyes against splashes and spills. I also use whatprotectors or shoe covers in order to stop bacteria and dirt getting on my shoes and toprotect my clients flooring. 5. 3 Personal protective equipment is used to protect both myself and the people I am givingcare it is important to insure the one Im using PPE is used correctly and for the purposes it was designed. 5. 4 Current relevant regulations and legislation relating to personal protective equipment arethe personal protective equipment at work regulations 2002 the management of health andsafety at work regulations 1999 under control of substances hazardous to healthregulations 2002. Employees responsibilities regarding the use of protective personal equipment is attendingtraining provided by the employer relating to how to use personal protective equipmentusing personal protective equipment in accordance with the training taking reasonablecare of all personal protective equipment provided by the employer returning personalprotective equipment to the correct storage accommodation provided for it after use andreporting to the employer any loss or obvious defect as soon as possible. 5. 6 Employers responsibilities regarding the use of personal protective equipment are toproperly assess the needs of personal protective equipment and assess personalprotective equipment before it is used to insure it is suitable this will involve identifyinghazardous hazard and it types of personal protective equipment that could be used for example locomotory fluid bashers are all hazards because there is a recipe substances could get into my eyes their personal protective equipment options available safety spectacles goggles advisors or faceshields. My employer provides free personal protectiveequipment all of his employees employers cannot ask employees to take a personalprotective equipment however if an employee and is not returning item of personalprotective equipment to the employer the employer can deduct the cost of replacing theequipment from any wages and providing misinformation has been McClary the contract ofemployment. 5. 7 Firstly I inspect my beloved packages the sign of contamination if there is any signs a ladiscard some of the signs might be watersports or moisture cares any other evidence ofdamage or contamination are always perform a hand wash I openness there are packageface about IDS by placing at your flat clean dryer service in the area where the gloves areto be worn appeal the Artabrackagh open completely to expose The inner package. I thenremoved in the package touching only the folded side of the rapper appositional packageso that the cofounders nearest to me I am told that in a package (245 position withouttouching the gods again expose both glossed I Glassel a la inside corners or designatedareas on the folder Apple generator site that touching the glass I put on the first book by grasping the Calthwaite the folder dad and remove it from the rattle one hand and stepaway from the table or try keeping the hands above the waist and insert my fingers of theother hand into the glove I them pull the glove on touching only the exposed surface of theinner glove. 5. 8 To takeoff my personal protective equipment Berglas allocate more from by pulling thecough distensible inside out I would then pour the second laugh while still holding the firstso the two gloves of folded together inside out again dispose of them in the correct wastedisposal container and wash my hands. The key principles of good personal hygiene from me is to ensure that I wash shower everyday and where clean uniform for work my fingernails I always ensure that they areclean as they can harbour bacteria easy and make sure that they are kept short clean andfree from now polishable false extensions and make sure my hair is regularly washed andit is tied back away from my face and I dont use products such as hairspray as some ofmy clients suffer from asthma away no jewellery to work as this could scratch my client, Itake every opportunity I cant promote and encourage good personal hygiene to the peopleI provide careful angriest people to wash their hands after toileting activities and to washevery day I always offer people the opportunity to bath or shower it is appropriate to their condition. The correct sequence the handwashing is one to whet my hands using warm runningwater and + 2I during the handwashing process and rub my hands vigourously for aminimum of 20 seconds paying particular attention to the back of my hands wrists inbetween my fingers and underneath my fingernails three I rinse well whilst leaving thewater running for when the water continuing to Ron ages I use a single used out and pack my hands dry five I turn off the water using the paper towel covering my clean hands toprevent recontamination. Hand washing activities must be performed regularly to help prevent and control thespread of infection but there are certain times when it is recommended that care workers washer Hans is up for putting on a clean uniform all personal protective equipment beforeany septic procedure after patient contact after removing personal protective equipmentafter going to the toilet before handling food and after finishing work. Attach the products they should be use the handwashing is general handwashing sodisinfectant hand wash surgical scrub solutions and alcohol gel. 6. 6 Maintaining healthy skin is an important step in the prevention and control of infectionhowever constant washing the wearing of gloves can cause the skin to dry out to preventthis moisturising cream should be applied to the hands following routine hand washingprocedures or should not be worn when they are not required for example whencompleting paperwork general skincare should also include insuring any causal gravers are covered within occlusive dressing prior to patient contact. The Principles of Infection Prevention and Control free essay sample Understand roles and responsibilities in the prevention and control of infections 1. explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection 2. explain employers’ responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control infection. Outcome 2 Understand legislation and policies relating to prevention and control of infections 1. outline current legislation and regulatory body standards which are relevant to the prevention and control of infection . describe local and organisational policies relevant to the prevention and control of infection. Outcome 3 Understand systems and procedures relating to the prevention and control of infections 1. describe procedures and systems relevant to the prevention and control of infection 2. explain the potential impact of an outbreak of infection on the individual and the organisation. Outcome 4 Understand the importance of risk assessment in relation to the prevention and control of infections 1. define the term risk 2. utline potential risks of infection within the workplace 3. describe the process of carrying out a risk assessment 4. We will write a custom essay sample on The Principles of Infection Prevention and Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page explain the importance of carrying out a risk assessment. Outcome 5 Understand the importance of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the prevention and control of infections 2. describe different types of PPE 3. explain the reasons for use of PPE 4. state current relevant regulations and legislation relating to PPE 5. describe employees’ responsibilities regarding the use of PPE 6. describe employers’ responsibilities regarding the use of PPE

What Is A Word Sample For A College Essay?

What Is A Word Sample For A College Essay?An individual might want to get a word sample for a college essay, but he or she does not really know what to look for. At times, people do not even know what the word sample is for. In other words, this can be very confusing.When you are doing this kind of essay, there are some things that you must remember, no matter how little time you have. First of all, make sure that the sample sentence is appropriate for your topic. You must be able to use this particular term and just make sure that it can fit in with your topic. For example, if you have a topic on geography, then the sample sentence would also have to be on geography.The second thing that you should do is to choose a sample sentence that is from an essay that has already been written by another individual. If you see a sample sentence from a research paper that was written by somebody else, then you can use this as a reference. This is because people tend to change their opinions whe n they write essays. So, even though this is just a sample, it still has a lot of information that can be helpful.It is also important that you get a word sample for a college essay for several reasons. First of all, it is because a word sample is easier to revise because you have a few options available to you. Additionally, since you do not have to spend much time trying to figure out what is meant by that word, you can spend more time working on your essay.Also, getting a word sample is not always easy. In fact, it can be hard to find a word sample because everybody is busy writing their papers. Therefore, you need to find a sample that is of good quality. Also, it is important that you find a sample that is not too long.Moreover, a word sample can be very effective if you are taking about one topic. It is also good to have several words in your sample. For example, if you have a sample on taxes, then you can get several sample essays on taxes, too.Finally, using a word sample is important for several reasons. First of all, a word sample can help you figure out the tone of your essay. There are a lot of things that you can get wrong if you do not know what to say. And the key to successful composition is to be sure that what you are saying fits in with the whole essay.So, now you know what a word sample is and how you can use it in order to improve your college essay. In addition, you should be sure that you are following the proper format for your essay, so you will be able to write your essay correctly and quickly.

Ubaidian Culture and the Roots of Mesopotamia

Ubaidian Culture and the Roots of Mesopotamia The Ubaid (pronounced ooh-bayed), sometimes spelled Ubaid and referred to as Ubaidian to keep it separate from the type site of el Ubaid, refers to a time period and a material culture exhibited in Mesopotamia and adjacent areas which predate  the rise of the great urban cities. The Ubaid material culture, including ceramic decorative styles, artifact types and architectural forms, existed between about 7300-6100 years ago, over the vast Near Eastern region between the Mediterranean to the Straits of Hormuz, including parts of Anatolia and perhaps the Caucasus mountains. The geographic spread of Ubaid or Ubaid-like pottery, a pottery style which has black geometric lines drawn on a buff-colored body, has led some researchers (Carter and others) to suggest that a more accurate term might be Near Eastern Chalcolithic black-on-buff horizon rather than Ubaid, which implies that the core area for the culture was southern Mesopotamia- el Ubaid is in southern Iran. Thank goodness, so far theyre holding off on that. Phases While there is widespread acceptance of the chronological terminology for Ubaid ceramics, as you might expect, dates are not absolute across the entire region. In southern Mesopotamia, the six periods span between 6500-3800 BC; but in other regions, Ubaid only lasted between ~5300 and 4300 BC. Ubaid 5, Terminal Ubaid begins ~4200 BCUbaid 4, once known as Late Ubaid ~5200Ubaid 3 Tell al-Ubaid style and period) ~5300Ubaid 2 Hajji Muhammad style and period) ~5500Ubaid 1, Eridu style and period, ~5750 BCUbaid 0, Ouelli period ~6500 BC Redefining the Ubaid "Core" Scholars are hesitant today to re-define the core area from which the idea of Ubaid culture spread out because the regional variation is so extensive. Instead, at a workshop at the University in Durham in 2006, scholars proposed that the cultural similarities seen across the region developed from a vast inter-regional melting pot of influences (see Carter and Philip 2010 and other articles in the volume). Movement of the material culture is believed to have spread throughout the region primarily by peaceable trade, and various local appropriations of a shared social identity and ceremonial ideology. While most scholars still suggest a Southern Mesopotamian origin for black-on-buff ceramics, evidence at Turkish sites such as Domuztepe and Kenan Tepe is beginning to erode that view. Artifacts The Ubaid is defined by a relatively small set of characteristics, with a significant degree of regional variation, due in part to differing social and environmental configurations across the region. Typical Ubaid pottery is a high-fired buff body painted in black, the decorations of which become simpler over time. Shapes include deep bowls and basins, shallow bowls and globular jars. Architectural forms include a freestanding tripartite house with a T-shaped or cruciform central hall. Public buildings have a similar construction and a similar size, but have external facades with niches and buttresses. The corners are oriented to the four cardinal directions  and sometimes are built top platforms. Other artifacts include clay disks with flanges (which might be labrets or ear spools), bent clay nails which were apparently used to grind clay, Ophidian or cone-headed clay figurines with coffee-bean eyes, and clay sickles. Head-shaping, modification of childrens heads at or near birth, is a recently-identified trait; copper smelting at XVII at Tepe Gawra. Exchange goods include lapis lazuli, turquoise, and carnelian. Stamp seals are common at some sites such as Tepe Gawra and Degirmentepe in northern Mesopotamia and Kosak Shamai in northwest Syria, but not apparently in southern Mesopotamia. Shared Social Practices Some scholars argue that decorated open vessels in the black-on-buff ceramics represent evidence for feasting  or at least the shared ritual consumption of food and drink. By Ubaid period 3/4, region-wide the styles became simpler from their earlier forms, which were highly decorated. That may signify a shift towards communal identity and solidarity, a thing also reflected in communal cemeteries. Ubaid Agriculture Little archaeobotanical evidence has been recovered from Ubaid period sites, except for samples recently reported from a burned tri-partite house at Kenan Tepe in Turkey, occupied between 6700-6400 BP, within the Ubaid 3/4 transition. The fire that destroyed the house resulted in the  excellent preservation of nearly 70,000 specimens of charred plant material, including a reed basket full of well-preserved charred materials. Plants recovered from Kenan Tepe were dominated by  emmer wheat  (Triticum dicoccum) and two-rowed hulled  barley  (Hordeum vulgare  v.  distichum). Also recovered were smaller amounts of triticum wheat, flax (Linum usitassimum), lentil (Lens culinaris) and peas (Pisum sativum). Elites and Social Stratification In the 1990s, Ubaid was considered a fairly egalitarian society, and it is true that  social ranking  is not very apparent in any Ubaid site. Given the presence of elaborated pottery in the early period, and  public architecture  in the later, however, that doesnt seem very likely, and archaeologists have recognized subtle cues which appear to support the subdued presence of elites even from Ubaid 0, although its possible that elite roles might have been transitory early on. By Ubaid 2 and 3, there is clearly a shift in labor from decorated single pots to an emphasis on public architecture, such as buttressed temples, which would have benefited the entire community rather than a small group of elites. Scholars suggest that might have been a deliberate action to avoid ostentatious displays of wealth and power by elites and instead highlight community alliances. That suggests that power depended on alliance networks and control of local resources. In terms of settlement patterns, by Ubaid 2-3, southern Mesopotamia had a two-level hierarchy with a few large sites of 10 hectares or larger, including Eridu, Ur, and Uqair, surrounded by smaller, possibly subordinate villages. Ubaid Cemetery at Ur In 2012, scientists at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia and the British Museum began joint work on a new project, to digitize C. Leonard Woolleys records at Ur. Members of the  Ur of the Chaldees: A Virtual Vision of Woolleys Excavations  project recently rediscovered skeletal material from Urs Ubaid levels, which had been lost from the record database. The skeletal material, found in an unmarked box within Penns collections, represented an adult male, one of 48 interments found buried in what Woolley called the flood layer, a silt layer some 40 feet deep within Tell al-Muqayyar. After excavating the Royal Cemetery at Ur, Woolley sought the earliest levels of the tell by excavating an enormous trench. At the bottom of the trench, he discovered a thick layer of water-laid silt, in places as much as 10 feet thick. The Ubaid-period burials had been excavated into the silt, and beneath the cemetery was yet another cultural layer. Woolley determined that in its earliest days, Ur was located on an island in a marsh: the silt layer was the result of a great flood. The people buried in the cemetery had lived after that flood and were interred within the flood deposits. One possible historic  precursor of the Biblical flood story is thought to be that of the Sumerian tale of  Gilgamesh. In honor of that tradition, the research team named the newly rediscovered burial Utnapishtim, the name of the man who survived the great flood in the Gilgamesh version. Sources Beech M. 2002. Fishing in the Ubaid: a review of fish-bone assemblages from early prehistoric coastal settlements in the Arabian gulf. Journal of Oman Studies 8:25-40. Carter R. 2006.  Boat  Antiquity  80:52-63. remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth mllennia BC. Carter RA, and Philip G. 2010.  Deconstructing the Ubaid.  In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute. Connan J, Carter R, Crawford H, Tobey M, Charrià ©-Duhaut A, Jarvie D, Albrecht P, and Norman K. 2005.  A comparative geochemical study of bituminous boat remains from H3, As-Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ-2, Ras al-Jinz (Oman).  Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy  16(1):21-66. Graham PJ, and Smith A. 2013.  A day in the life of   Antiquity  87(336):405-417.an Ubaid household: archaeobotanical investigations at Kenan Tepe, south-eastern Turkey. Kennedy JR. 2012.  Commensality and labor in terminal Ubaid northern Mesopotamia.  Journal for Ancient Studies  2:125-156. Pollock S. 2010.  Practices of daily life in fifth millennium BC Iran and Mesopotamia. In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East.  Chicago: Oriental Institute. p 93-112. Stein GJ. 2011. Tell Zeiden 2010. Oriental Institute Annual Report. p 122-139. Stein G. 2010.  Local identities and interaction spheres: Modeling regional variation in the Ubaid horizon. In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute. p 23-44. Stein G. 1994. Economy, ritual, and power in Ubaid Mesopotamia. In: Stein G, and Rothman MS, editors.  Chiefdoms and . Madison, WI: Prehistory Press.Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity

MODULE TITTLE-Substance use and misuse (health) Essay

MODULE TITTLE-Substance use and misuse (health) - Essay Example The Royal College of Psychiatrists has acknowledged the problem and is working collaboratively to bring integrated treatment systems for individuals with co-morbidity problems (Hussein, 2002). Schizophrenia and cannabis abuse. Substance abuse is very prevalent among schizophrenia patients and it has been found that â€Å"the most often misused substances are alcohol and cannabis† (Weinberger and Harrison, 2011, p.123). The first study to find a connection between cannabis use and schizophrenia was done by Andreasson, Allbeck and Rydberg (1987), and this study concluded that there is some incontrovertible association. One estimate is that â€Å"roughly one quarter of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders currently use or misuse cannabis† (Weinberger and Harrison, 2011, p.123-124). In an Australian study also, it was found that 40.9% of the 852 schizophrenic patients were having lifelong use of cannabis (Weinberger and Harrison, 2011, p.201). Other research findi ngs have also indicated that â€Å"patients with schizophrenia are more likely to use cannabis than other psychiatric patients or normal† persons (Hall and Pacula, 2003, p.90). A comprehensive study that examined about 4000 studies from around the world has also warned youngsters that using cannabis will make them more vulnerable to schizophrenia (Moore et al., 2007). While exploring this curious connection, researchers have found out that â€Å"cannabis use (induced) psychotic symptoms in adulthood† and resulted in an â€Å"earlier age at onset† (Weinberger and Harrison, 2011, p.124). In many schizophrenic individuals, the â€Å"first social/occupational dysfunction, first negative symptom, (or) first psychotic episode† occurred after the use of cannabis (Weinberger and Harrison, 2011, p.124). Another projection made by a UK study was that â€Å"by 2010, †¦approximately 10% of schizophrenia cases† would be attributable to cannabis misuse (Wei nberger and Harrison, 2011, p.201). As almost all the studies on the connection between cannabis use and schizophrenia have been done taking adult male samples only, all these findings are mostly applicable only to adult males. But it has also been noted that the rate of occurrence of schizophrenia has not increased in proportion with the rate of use of cannabis among young males (Degenhardt, Hall and Lynskey, 2001, pp.32). Opposers of this view, on the other hand have argued that â€Å"in Australia — where marijuana use is heavy among teens — it’s not uncommon for 20 to 30 per cent of new episodes of schizophrenia to be among patients who use marijuana daily or almost daily† (Turning Point Detox, 2011). Why individuals who suffer from schizophrenia misuse cannabis. The question that arises from the above discussion and which is relevant to this study is why individuals suffering from schizophrenia often misuse cannabis. One answer could be that â€Å"sc hizophrenic brains may be more sensitive to toxic influences† (Aronson, 2008, p.480). The impact of cannabis on risk taking behavior is another aspect that needs to be considered as schizophrenic patients most often will be in an abnormal mental state and it will be easy for them to get used to the risk involved in substance abuse. Generally, there has been a controversy raging on whether cannabis use leads schizophrenia or whether schizophrenia prompts an individual to use cannabis. A third possibility including both is also there. One assumption has been

Ethical Dilemmas Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Dilemmas - Assignment Example Due to her experience and her reputation on evaluation, Fiona is the best person to deal with the case as she will combine her prowess with the interests of her department and come up with a sound decision. Ethical behavior is not so much a matter of following principles as of balancing competing principles (Stake & Mabry, 1998). I would ensure that ethical values are observed and that they are balanced with the commissioner’s goals. I would critically assess the Human services program, how funds are used, whether there are areas where funds were wasted and if some projects are not benefitting the program. I would then moderate the usage of funds in the projects, ensure that all the resources are used effectively, and get rid of projects that are not important to the program. As a result, I would have cut back on the meaningless projects, retained useful projects, and ensured that there was effective use of resources. Fiona’s benefits after the evaluation process include job security during the commissioner’s period in office. There may also be other advantages such as salary increments and more jobs from the commissioner’s office. She will also able to make decisions based on her principles and the needs of the branch even if she is expected to cut back on the budget eventually. The implications include judgment from her team who may think that she is being influenced when making decisions. They may not trust her decisions in future. She will also start questioning her principles and wondering if she made the right decision. The agency shall benefit because its most urgent needs shall be met during the budget cuts. However, program cuts may lead to the loss of jobs because it may get rid of some projects that would have been important to the program in the long

Comparative Politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparative Politics - Research Paper Example Federalism is antagonistic to separatism and the federalists believe in achieving a common good by running the affairs of the government by sharing power and at the same time a reasonable degree of autonomy is granted to the units of federation. Federalism is currently being practiced in many countries of the world which include United States, Canada, India, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and is found to be very useful for sharing power between a central government and the provinces and states. In most of the federal democracies, important issues like currency, foreign policy, energy and defense are governed by the central government whereas the issues related to public welfare and social service such as health, food, education and infrastructure development etc are dealt by the provincial government (Pennington). The division of power in federalism is explicitly stated in the constitution of the federation and thus the right of government of the central government and the states is safeguarded by the constitution and a rational autonomy is granted to the states and provinces forming the federation. Keeping foreign policy, national security and currency with the central government is imperative for creating a strong federation and thus in most of the federations these powers rest with the central government. The remaining powers are divided between the central government and the provinces as per the political and geostrategic scenario of the federation and thus the power sharing pattern differs from one federation to the other. For example in the federation countries like United States and Germany the powers about which the constitution is silent and are not explicitly stated to rest with central or the provincial/state government are retained by the state governments whereas in India, Canada and Argentina such powers are retained by the central government. Federalist system of government provides a

The Forbidden Love of Romeo and Juliet :: Free Essay Writer

As the feud between two families, Capulet and Montague, continue, their children, Juliet Capulet and Romeo Montague, face a bigger problem; forbidden love. Taking place in Verona, an ignorant Romeo first meets a childish Juliet at the Capulet’s party. Romeo and his kinsman, Benvolio, attend the party masked, searching for his first love, Rosaline. Coincidentally, Romeo meets Juliet, a new beauty, and falls in love with her not knowing the fact that she is a Capulet. The feud continues, leading one mistake after another, until both families realize their selfishness at the last minute. The unfortunate tragedy of two â€Å"star-crossed lovers† is ironically caused by the impetuosity of Romeo and Juliet themselves (Shakespeare 7). Impetuosity is the main flaw that leads to the early death of Romeo and Juliet. Impetuosity in their sense of honor, love, and their sense of idealism contributed to Romeo and Juliet to an early death. They both had a sense of honor and were full of love and idealism. These virtues, honor, love and idealism, that seek to sustain life, end up destroying them. Romeo and Juliet become victims of their own fate because they carry everything to the highest standards and are too inexperienced to decide the fate of the love between them. Romeo had honor as his virtue, which caused him to fight Tybalt for killing Mercutio: Romeo. †¦My very friend, hath got this mortal hurt / In my behalf – my reputation stained / With Tybalt’s slander – Tybalt, that an hour†¦ / And in my temper softened valor steel! (3.1.116-122) Romeo denies the fate of Mercutio who fought against Tybalt and lost, so he challenges Tybalt to fight in defense of his honor. His sense of honor would not allow himself to ignore the death of Mercutio. It mandated his absurd behavior to take Tybalt’s life which even further separated the Montague and Capulet family. Moreover, Romeo still decides to marry Juliet after he takes Tybalt’s life. His sense of honor leads him to find Father Lawrence who will marry both Juliet